Ancient Loulan

 Loulan
Loulan, Western ancient name. Loulan is an ancient small country in western, States Loulan City (site of Lop Nur in Xinjiang, the northwestern coast of China today). Southwest through Qiemo,bailey UGG boots, absolutely fine, arrest Mi, Khotan, North traffic division Northwest through Yanqi, East heap when the White Dragon, through Dunhuang, recapped the hub of the Silk Road. people are Indo-European ethnic origin. hanwu Dichu the Western Regions, Messenger contacts have been Loulan. Loulan repeatedly when the eyes and ears for the Huns, and attack Han envoy robbed. yuan closed three years (before 108), Chinese troops discuss Loulan, captured its king. Loulan down both Chinese and will again attack the Huns, so paternity child contingents to both sides to concede defeat. go after the Huns established paternity for the child safety Loulan Wang, then pro-Hun. Wang Wei Tu Society brother down the Han, the Han dynasty report. Zhao Di Yuan Feng four years (before 77), Fujie Zi Han sent to Loulan, the assassination of security return, Li Wei Tu Society for the king, changing the country name To Shanshan, moved the capital city of Wu mud (now Ruoqiang nearby). then the government usually sent Lizu Han Loulan city in the old haunt Mita, from Pass to Loulan, Feng Sui booths set up along the barrier. Wei and former cold period, the city became Loulan Western Eliot legacy.
Loulan country dating back some 1600 years ago, disappeared, leaving only the ruins at the ancient city. Loulan city in the East Drive 89.22p22 〃, 〃 40.29p55 north latitude, is located in the Xinjiang Autonomous Prefecture if Qiang County, the Northern Territory, northwest corner of Lop Nur, Peacock River 7 km south bank.
Loulan country's ancient history is not clear. Loulan name first seen in 3rd century BC, the Loulan to establish a national, when the Loulan by Rouzhi rule. 177 years BC to 176 BC, the Huns defeated the Rouzhi, Loulan and under the jurisdiction of the Huns.
situation remains
Loulan city covers an area of 120,000 square meters, close to the square with a side length of 330 meters, scattered throughout the site in Lop Nur in the West Bank landform group.
Loulan city ruins 350 km northwest from the city of Korla, the county southwest from Ruoqiang 330 km.
the discovery of the ancient city of Loulan Kingdom of the earliest discoverers
Loulan Swedish explorer Sven. Hedin .1900 in early March, Hedin expedition along the dry river bed to Rob Peacock left the wilderness, In crossing a desert only to find their spade accidentally lost in the camp last night. Hedin had to give back to find his assistant. Assistant Jianhui quickly retrieve a shovel and even a few pieces of wood debris. He be excited to see the pieces and decided to explore the ruins in March .1901, Sven. Hedin started digging and found the three halls and a pagoda and Greek art and culture with wooden building elements, five baht money, a Lu Feng Qu letters and many other cultural instruments. Then they discovered in the ruins south-east with a number of beacon towers continue to Lop Nur in the West Bank, an ancient city buried by sand, which is the ancient city of Loulan.
planar near the ancient city square, while 330 meters long, almost entirely buried by shifting sand. walls of clay and red willow and white Ben Zhu. there is the Grand Canal from northwest to southeast diagonal intersection of the city. canal northeast there is a dome-shaped adobe octagonal pagoda. Tanan earth stage, a set of tall wooden architectural monuments, has been unearthed in Chinese, Qialuwenwen books and slips, five baht money, silk wool, living utensils. southwestern central canal, there are three large wooden room adobe site Housing has been unearthed in and around a large number of Chinese Documents, wooden slips and early Sogdian and Quluwenwen books, estimated at Government Office sites. a group of the west courtyard house may be the courtiers, the distribution of small residential areas south. various instruments unearthed in the city, bamboo slips, instruments known as Lop Nur.
study in the early 20th century the process, a large number of foreign missions Loulan relics were taken away.
Loulan culture called Culture
Loulan highest in the world's cultural landscape. According to archaeologists confirmed: the Tarim Basin, human activity has more than ten thousand years of history. If we abandon the Taklimakan Desert in the Tarim River in the city to link up with a red line, we will be surprised to find that all of the city including the Loulan Kingdom, including the sudden disappearance of ONE time in the year five years, all the sites are in human life from today --- 200 km of 50 jis desert. Today , although there are many scholars made great efforts, but such as the rise and fall and disappearance of the ancient city of Loulan, remains a huge mystery, Ruins has become the focus of world attention. Luntai city, Qiemo sites, ancient tombs, ancient Feng Sui, mummy, ancient rock paintings, etc., are world-class tourist attractions. in human history, Loulan is a name full of mystery. It used to have brilliant, it formed a special status in the history of world culture. people Loulan culture showed interest and enthusiasm, is not only a full description of Loulan belongs to China, but also a human being. Loulan ancestors left an immeasurable Bavarian heritage, but also the pride of Bavaria. but also means that the mining, sorting, research Loulan culture. Loulan display a variety of ways and culture of ancient Western Regions, Bavaria people should shoulder greater responsibilities. When the coming 21st century, when the time to provide an excellent Bavaria The opportunity, which the rapid development of the economic opportunity to the overall growth in economic strength of the premise, there are plans to develop and Gu Cheng Wenhuayichan Loulan. to make them for the modern material civilization and spiritual civilization construction and building services. Actually, it is In the new historical period, to give new life to Loulan culture.
history Loulan States
According to a well-known
cold period before the Chinese Wei and Western Eliot legacy. Lop Nur in Xinjiang, northwest. because the Chinese Documents unearthed in the ruins, and with the .20, named after the city called the century, the British have been coming to Stein and other .50 s in this excavation, the Chinese scholars were surveyed and excavated.
thirty-six Loulan is one of the Western Regions, and the Dunhuang adjacent , BC, the Han dynasty after the close. ancient Loulan to record Governance stick in mud city to Yang Guan thousand six hundred years, six thousand one hundred years to Chang. thousand five hundred seventy households, mouth forty-four thousand one hundred. Han rough and laity with clothes, but for the different brown blanket. The King Bong law. can have four thousand monks, learned Theravada school. Northeast line of more than a thousand years, to tie wave homeland satisfied that Loulan to have. between the two forces, skillfully maintained its political life. Loulan located in the hub of Chinese and Central Asia, Chinese can not hit the area over the Huns, the Huns are not under the guise of the power can not be threatened Loulan Han Dynasty, Han Dynasty and Xiongnu Loulan are best implemented on the policy of appeasement.
Bowang Hou Han Dynasty sent Zhang Qian's mission Taiyue Shi, the conclusion of a conspiracy of silence has failed. then sent troops crusade against the far Dawan States, has repeatedly sent envoys envoy to Central Asia . Loulan these messengers by the time Loulan bear a heavy burden because, as well as killing messenger. Han Dynasty sent troops last crusade Loulan, the results as evidence of surrender was sent to the Han Dynasty prince Loulan hostage. Loulan also sent to the Huns a Prince said that the Huns, strict neutrality between the Han. Since then, Chinese expeditionary force to attack a country of the Huns, the Loulan Wang Tong Hun, the Huns ambush cantonment in the country, angered the Han imperial court. Loulan crusade Han troops again, until stick in mud forced the capital city of Loulan Wang fear, open the gates immediately apologize, Emperor Wu of the Huns to their movement monitored. Loulan 92 BC, the king died, Dr. Han as a hostage in the Prince back to the throne, the prince is very sad, reluctant to return home by his brother succeeded to the throne. The new king is not long dead, the Huns take this opportunity to once held hostage in their own country's former king's eldest son succeeded to the throne, Emperor surprised to hear this news, the rapid sent envoys to persuade the new founding Wangzhi Han imperial court, like taking of hostages, not been successful. After two to three years, the Han and the Huns without major incident, the surface is very stable. Loulan Pass near the border, Chinese envoy to the often closed by the Central Asia, called the White Dragon to go through the territory of the heap Loulan desert, often in the desert wind, the shape of sand involved in the air like a dragon, lost pedestrians, Han Loulan Kingdom continue to guide the command and drinking water, due to repeated Han abuse Wizard, Loulan refused to obey its orders, the deterioration of relations between the two. Han Dynasty eventually sent assassins to assassinate the new king. as hostages in the Han imperial court, a prince married Miki back to Loulan inherit the throne. But the king was afraid of fear and trepidation assassination. Han Dynasty to protect the name of the king to send troops quartering Loulan territory, so as to crusade against the Huns and Central Asia access to the initiative. These are the Emperor's relationship with the Loulan, since the Han Dynasty forces weak, Loulan again betrayal.
mystery
Loulan disappeared 400 AD, the monk Fa Xian westbound learn, via here, in his project, only to the dead bones to identify the ear. After the 4th century, the country suddenly disappeared Loulan.
According to the , also called Shanshan, Yanqi, three soldiers Kucha 3000,Bailey UGG boots, Riverside, day and night cross-sectional water injection into the Loulan Loulan ease the water shortage crisis. but after that,UGG boots clearance, although dredging Loulan man made maximum efforts and attempts, But the ancient city of Loulan eventually abandoned due to no water and.
have said the death of Loulan is caused by human against nature, and Loulan people blindly indiscriminate cutting caused Lankan soil erosion, sand invasion, river diversions, erratic weather, an epidemic , water reduction, salt at plot, and finally result in the inevitable demise of the Kingdom into.
no matter how, one thing is certain, the final blow to the Loulan people, is the plague. This is a terrible acute infection disease, the legendary theory called . Loulan the collapse of the country, people and the blind against the Tarim River, where trees and water, they would go, where to survive, they would go, to live a few are just a few. Loulan human tears. the time they hit the road, are catching up with the unprecedented wind, a pack of large underground burial places of battle, Tianhundian, Feishazoudan, sound like devils, a city in chaos in the burst of fuzzy and unfocused hh
this point, the splendid ancient city of Loulan also from the history will never fade away silently. While generation after generation of people to flee the Loulan doing resurrection Loulan dream, but dreams can only be a dream. Moreover, the dream end, even the dreams of people can not wait, disappear , and Loulan is still sand in the territory, the kingdom of death.
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Loulan: commonly known as the Han Dynasty's Shanshan country in Shanshan County in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region southeast of this is a long history of civilization.
3800 years, think it is a concept, which is a little span of time? in 3800 in the Central Plains, or the reign of the Xia Dynasty. Loulan paper girl to live in that era, no matter what kind of survival was the beauty of the girl Loulan conditions across time and space or left in 3800 after living in us, that people who have not been to ditch the tomb to find it no easy task. This is actually a landform in the developing , a similar one and a gully, it seems even if they leave, we are twists and turns, only in this group to find the tomb ditch ditch. tomb ditch a few miles away from the Peacock, but away, the cemetery chosen plateau, but also the risk of flood, it seems that when people look very feng shui. , the meaning, perhaps more than 7 layers pagoda is the same meaning, right? cemetery outside, a group of row upon row of small tombs buried very shallow, it is these small cemetery, brought us a surprise. first with Female mummy in front of us, everyone immediately seized photographs, leave with a lasting memorial. I think the side sank. I have seen gentle. He set the year to Loulan woman whose body was photographed pictures, leave me under a very deep impression. Loulan not think I will witness the true image of the body of a woman, I feel it is very strong. Loulan girl is indeed very beautiful. They face little pointed chin round, his eyes much, but it seems We feel the bright eyes, reflected in a pair of clear eyes gratifying. long eyelashes, Lilikeshuo. the high bridge of the nose to effectively enhance the shape of the face, the United States. thick brown naturally curly hair, Cape Wind in very scattered, the head of the volume in the pressure in the pointy hat. dark brown felt hat with a bright red edge trim wool, color coordination, appearance, crowns also decorated with a few pieces about the gorgeous color Ling Yu. neck, the fur around there is a domesticated hen, both warm and beautiful. naked body wrap a wool blanket in one. exposed several times wearing a pair of feet make a short break waist decorated with new boots . the overall image is a charming Peugeot girl. It was the director of the Xinjiang Cultural Relics and Archaeology Binghua researcher told me that they Zengyi ditch tombs unearthed wood, felt, sheepskin, etc. for the material, has requested the authority of research institutions in total domestic to do a group of 10 carbon-14 determination, in addition to the larger difference between the two groups, the other down in 3800. basically ditch tomb tombs buried, that's around in 3800. about the large difference between the two groups determination, also once had a story. That year, the Xinjiang Institute of Archaeology will be sent to the Shanghai Exhibition Loulan body of a woman, anxious to gain an advantage over journalists arrived at the airport, escorted by the comrades in charge of archaeological accidentally say the wrong measurements body of a woman ages, the next day in Shanghai, out a large number of test results, only to make up to correct this error. Loulan dead body of a woman in 3800 although only age, but in a natural state of preservation, but very well preserved, is enough to create a world record. In the unearthed body of a woman who We found a dry bug, a slender blonde in her also found dead inside the lice. lice, bedbugs are Loulan girl has some deep love? It may be worth a new topic for further research entomologist. Loulan beautiful girl is very hardship of life, from the barely wrapped in a very crude woven body fur, wearing a thousand feet joint meeting of the shoes can be seen hundreds, when the material is very rich. from the mummy had been discovered, or human bone specimens of view, when people age at the time of death is very low, difficult living conditions, so that they run out too early the effort towards the end of life Loulan girl come from? body of a woman in the ditch to see the tombs, from their high Long nose, yellowish brown hair, the steeple of the hat, I feel fierce, and today they Tajiks are very similar. archaeologist told me,Discount UGG boots, I get this feeling is correct, they do have some kind of Tajik ethnic kinship.'s burial in the Gu Luobu, wrapped the body in a blanket, where a considerable neck the site, have placed a small capsule, capsule collection of some of the flax crushing twigs. This burial custom, according to scholars Bergman of Sweden, Greece and India were similar to Postscript. Postscript to Greece used in religious rituals a plant to produce so-called Lan's team, while the Tajiks in Xinjiang, who is also a Gu Yilan. consistent with such practices, it may be a reflection of their ethnic origin. Of course, neighboring areas for cultural exchange of ideas between the show In some of the customary agreement is possible. Xinjiang archaeologists have also excavated tombs on the outskirts of Loulan 6 skull unearthed conducted ethnographic measured, 5 of which is a European race, one is a Mongolian. 5 in four European races skull morphology are consistent with the Mediterranean Sea east branch of the Indian - the type of Afghanistan close to the other one is between the Mediterranean and the Pamir - Fair between the dry type, but many features are still variation may be the Mediterranean race. is a Mongoloid skull, slightly close to the type of southern Siberia. Thus, it may be speculated, Gu Luobu the ethnic composition of the European type of the east branch of the Mediterranean race accounts for a considerable advantage. This characteristics of residents with similar types of Pamir Seck, indicating a close race between them RELATIONSHIPS system. And the skull 存在 Gebie Mongols, and that anthropological elements Mingguluobu people not simply European Renzhong nation. Rob depression , together with the Tarim Basin, in geological time have been an integral part of the ancient Mediterranean, and in natural connection with the Mediterranean after cut off, in the historical period, in anthropology has demonstrated surprisingly similar. The fact that environmental and social , is a inheritance.
Some experts noted that the Peacock and import Che'erchen Tarim River, Lop Nur by Kuruc into the river. Lop Nur is a source of life of ancient Loulan, the migration of Lop Nur, the Loulan water depletion, plant death, leading to bad weather, Loulan could only sit still people continue to stay here, so they had to abandon the city do not go, also in the history of the ancient city of Loulan disappeared.
Many scholars also believe that the decline of the ancient Loulan is closely linked to social and human factors, China's ancient books of ancient Loulan there last time in the History of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, this is the political history of our country the most chaotic period of self-reliance as a fan in many northern peoples, mutual war. and Loulan is military hub, contested. frequent wars, predatory looting of the Loulan status of vegetation and transportation business has been devastating damage. The ancient edge of the desert, the loss of these two basic elements, it is impossible exist. Thus, it becomes a stretch of sand today, a vast scene.
Loulan abandoned, but in the end what the real reason? experts and scholars are still exploring hh